BUGZILLA - INSTALLATION ON CENTOS 6

Bugzilla is server software designed to help you manage software development.

Bugzilla Installation and Configuration on Centos 6

1. Download latest stable bugzilla version from the website.

http://www.bugzilla.org/download/

2. Disable selinux

# vi /etc/selinux/config

set SELINUX=disabled

3. Install required components

# yum install perl*

# yum install httpd*

# yum install mysql-server*

# yum install mod_perl-devel

4. Check the version of following to check compatibility

# perl -v

# rpm -qa | grep httpd

# rpm -qa | grep mysql

5. Change to the apache directory from where it serves files

# cd /var/www/html/

# tar xvfz bugzilla-4.0.2.tar.gz

6. Rename the directory and set permissions

# mv bugzilla-4.0.2/ bugzilla

# chmod -R 777 bugzilla

7. Switch to bugzilla directory and run checksetup.pl

# cd /var/www/html/bugzilla/

# ./checksetup.pl

8. Install any missing modules

# /usr/bin/perl install-module.pl –all

9. Display all package

# ./checksetup.pl –check-modules

10. Setup accordingly in mysql

Login as root

# mysql -u root -p

Create the database for bugs in the mysql terminal by using the following sql

# create database bugs;

Create the user bugs

# create user bugs identified by ‘password’;

Grant the permissions to user bugs on bugs database

# GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON bugs.*TO 'bugs'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

# GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON bugs.*TO 'bugs'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

11. Edit localconfig of bugzilla

# cd /var/www/html/bugzilla

# vim localconfig

set the bugs password

$db_pass = ‘password’;

#./checksetup.pl

Enter the e-mail address of the administrator: xxxxxxxxxxxxx

Enter the real name of the administrator: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Enter a password for the administrator account: xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Final checksetup.pl execution:

#./checksetup.pl

Now that you have installed Bugzilla,

http://localhost/bugzilla

12. Apache setup

Configure Port and DocumentRoot

Listen 80

DocumentRoot "var/www/html"

Find the line

DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var

Change it to

DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var index.cgi

Add the following lines

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks ExecCGI

Add the following lines in httpd.conf below the ScriptAlias section and comment previous Script Alias section including <Directory> of ScriptAlias

##

#Added for bugzilla

##

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/html/bugzilla/"

PerlSwitches -w -T

PerlConfigRequire /var/www/html/bugzilla/mod_perl.pl

<Directory /var/www/html/bugzilla>

AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

Options +Indexes +ExecCGI

DirectoryIndex index.cgi

AllowOverride All

</Directory>

restart apache:

#/etc/init.d/httpd restart

13. MySql setup

vi /etc/my.cnf

Set below lines in [mysqld] section

max_allowed_packet = 4M

ft_min_word_len=2

Try http://localhost/bugzilla and have fun!

COMPILE LINUX KERNEL

COMPILE LINUX KERNEL STEP BY SETP

1. Switch to "src" directory
# cd /usr/src

2. Download any latest stable version of kernel
# wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.12.1.tar.xz

3. untar the kernel
# tar -xzJf linux-3.12.1.tar.xz

4. Configure the Kernel

The kernel contains nearly 3000 configuration options. To make the kernel used by most people on most hardware, the Linux distro like Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, RedHat, CentOS, etc, will generally include support for most common hardware. You can take any one of configuration from the distro, and on top of that you can add your own configuration, or you can configure the kernel from scratch, or you can use the default config provided by the kernel

# cd linux-3.12.1

# make menuconfig

NOTE: You should have installed “libncurses and libncurses-devel” packages for this command to work

We will use the default config provided by the kernel. So select “Save” and save the config in the file name “.config”.

Press "ok" to save .config

Press "exit" to exit the utility

This will save .config file in current directory. The file looks like below.

#
# Automatically generated file; DO NOT EDIT.
# Linux/x86 3.12.1 Kernel Configuration
#
CONFIG_64BIT=y
CONFIG_X86_64=y
CONFIG_X86=y
CONFIG_INSTRUCTION_DECODER=y
CONFIG_OUTPUT_FORMAT="elf64-x86-64"
CONFIG_ARCH_DEFCONFIG="arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig"
CONFIG_LOCKDEP_SUPPORT=y
CONFIG_STACKTRACE_SUPPORT=y
CONFIG_HAVE_LATENCYTOP_SUPPORT=y
CONFIG_MMU=y
CONFIG_NEED_DMA_MAP_STATE=y
CONFIG_NEED_SG_DMA_LENGTH=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_ISA_DMA=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG_RELATIVE_POINTERS=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_HWEIGHT=y
CONFIG_ARCH_MAY_HAVE_PC_FDC=y
CONFIG_RWSEM_XCHGADD_ALGORITHM=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_CALIBRATE_DELAY=y
CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_CPU_RELAX=y
CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE=y
CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_CPU_AUTOPROBE=y
CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA=y
CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK=y
CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK=y
CONFIG_ARCH_HIBERNATION_POSSIBLE=y
CONFIG_ARCH_SUSPEND_POSSIBLE=y
CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE=y
CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_GENERAL_HUGETLB=y
CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32=y
CONFIG_AUDIT_ARCH=y
CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_OPTIMIZED_INLINING=y
CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC=y
CONFIG_HAVE_INTEL_TXT=y
CONFIG_X86_64_SMP=y
CONFIG_X86_HT=y
CONFIG_ARCH_HWEIGHT_CFLAGS="-fcall-saved-rdi -fcall-saved-rsi -fcall-saved-rdx -fcall-saved-rcx -fcall-saved-r8 -fcall-saved-r9 -fcall-saved-r10 -fcall-saved-r11"
CONFIG_ARCH_CPU_PROBE_RELEASE=y
CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_UPROBES=y
CONFIG_DEFCONFIG_LIST="/lib/modules/$UNAME_RELEASE/.config"
CONFIG_IRQ_WORK=y
CONFIG_BUILDTIME_EXTABLE_SORT=y

......................

5. Compile linux kernel (it will take almost 40Min)
# make

compile the kernel modules
# make modules

install the kernel modules
# make modules_install

At this point, you should see a directory named /lib/modules/3.12.1/ in your system

6. Install the kernel

install the kernel on your system
# make install


The make install command will create the following files in the /boot directory.

vmlinuz-3.12.1 – The actual kernel

System.map-3.12.1 – The symbols exported by the kernel

initrd.img-3.12.1 – initrd image is temporary root file system used during boot process

config-3.12.1 – The kernel configuration file

The command “make install” will also update the grub.cfg by default. So we don’t need to manually edit the grub.cfg file.


7. Boot Linux to the new Kernel


To use the new kernel that you just compiled, reboot the system.

# reboot  | init 6

After reboot you can check the kernel version

# uname -r
3.12.1

UPGRADE LINUX MINT 15 TO 16

HOW TO UPGRADE THE LINUX MINT 15 TO LINUX MINT 16

To upgrade, First, open a terminal and run this command to check repositories
    inxi -r

This will show you your full repositories configuration, showing you which repositories are configured in which file. Note the files to edit from below tip and edit those files as root (`sudo nano filename`).
 

deb http:/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main restricted universe multiverse

The word raring here denotes the distribution name for the Ubuntu package base used by Linux Mint 15. On any line where the word "raring" is there, replace it with "saucy". On any line where instead the word "olivia" is there, replace it with "petra". That's it.

Afterwards you run the command:
    apt update && apt dist-upgrade

APT/DPKG LOCKED ERROR

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock

E: Unable to write to /var/cache/apt/
E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened.




E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock

E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/)

You can force the lock off by removing the file, but it's not recommended without first closing the program that's holding the lock safely, since you could cause corruption or interrupt an installation (bad). The command provided below should close the program that holds the lock and then remove the lock but won't protect you from install interruption:




Ctrl + Alt + F2    (To go to tty2 session to run below commands)




fuser -cuk /var/lib/dpkg/lock; sudo rm -f /var/lib/dpkg/lock

fuser -cuk /var/cache/apt/archives/lock; sudo rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/lock

OR 

Remove lock files directly

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock


sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock

OR

kill the process holding lock files

ps -e | grep -e apt -e dpkg | grep -v grep

kill [PID OF APT, DPKG]

Then Run Below Commands Perspectively

For aptitude run

apt-get -f install

For dpkg run

dpkg --configure -a

ENABLE OR DISABLE A SERVICE FROM STARTUP IN UBUNTU

DISABLE A SERVICE FROM AUTOSTART IN UBUNTU
update-rc.d apache2 disable

ENABLE A SERVICE FROM AUTOSTART IN UBUNTU
update-rc.d apache2 enable

OR 

PERMANENTLY REMOVE FROM STARTUP
update-rc.d -f apache2 remove

ADD STARTUP SCRIPT AGAIN AFTER REMOVING
update-rc.d apache2 defaults


To add in stratup in RedHat/Fedora/Centos
chkconfig --add httpd

LINUX ACTIVE PORTS LIST COMMAND

To view Linux active ports

To list all active ports
netstat -l Active

To list listening ports
netstat --listen -A inet

To list -t for TCP and -u for UDP ports
netstat -n -A inet -t | -u

OR

To list all active ports lsof -i

To list ipv4 TCP active ports
lsof -i4TCP

To list ipv4 UDP active ports
lsof -i4UDP



To get PID of a process
ps -ef | grep firefox

OR

pgrep firefox

pgrep ssh

HOW LINUX MACHINE JOIN WINDOWS DOMAIN

To join linux machine to windows domain with (Centrify-express)

Download centrify packages from below url:

http://www.centrify.com/express/free-active-directory-tools-for-linux-mac.asp#agents

Download below packages:

Centrify Agent for OS 32-bit

Centrify-Enabled Samba for OS 32-bit

Centrify-Enabled Kerberos Tools for OS 32-bit

Extract all

Tar –xzvf centrify*.tar.gz

or extract one by one

Chmod a+x install-express.sh

Sudo su

./install-express.sh

You need domain name, domain administrator (user), and password.

NOTE: If it joined then checks with below tool

Adinfo

NOTE: If not joined to domain then use below tool to join it again

Adjoin –w domainname

NOTE: To check the domain

Adcheck   domainname

OR
UBUNTU REPOSITORIES

Install it through Ubuntu partner repositories

For lucid

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner"

For maverick

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ maverick partner"

For natty

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ natty partner"

sudo apt-get install centrifydc

NOTE: If not joined to domain then use below tool to join it again

Adjoin –w domainname

You need domain name, domain administrator (user), and password.

NOTE: If it joined then checks with below tool

Adinfo

NOTE: To check the domain

Adcheck   domainname

SET LOCALTIME IN LAMP

vi /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
find date section

[Date]
; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions
; http://php.net/date.timezone
;date.timezone =
date.timezone =Asia/Karachi

uncomment date.timzone line and add your local time at the end

restart apache2 and mysql server

service apache2 restart && service mysql restart && echo $?

echo $?     To check the command status

check times in web sites and it will be as per your local time

LAMP PHPMYADMIN WITHOUT PASSWORD

vi /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php
uncomment below line

// $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = TRUE;

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = TRUE;

save the file and restart the mysql server

service mysql restart

go to phpmyadmin users tab and remove the password for root user

logout and login again it will allow you root login without password

APACHE2 FQDN ISSUE

Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName


vi /etc/apache2/conf.d/fqdn
ServerName localhost


save it and restart the apache2

NOTE: localhost or whichever name of your server

service apache2 restart

issue will be resolved

INSTALL OR UPGRADE FLASH PLAYER ON LINUX

Download FlashPlayer from below URL 

http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer

install_flash_player_xx_linux_xxx.tar.gz

tar -xzvf  install_flash_player_xx_linux_xxx.tar.gz

mkdir  ~/.mozila/plugins
or 
sudo ~/.mozila/plugins
or 
search the path of mozila as it is hidden folder as .mozila

mv libflashplayer.so ~/.mozila/plugins


OR
mv libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/

restart firefox and check addons

RESET MYSQL ROOT PASSWORD

login with root user
mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u root

run below query to reset password

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost = PASSWORD('yourpassword');




LINUX BONDING (TEAMING, LOAD BALANCING)

LINUX BONDING (TEAMING)

Linux Network bonding

Linux network Bonding is creation of a single bonded interface by combining 2 or more Ethernet interfaces. This helps in high availability of your network interface and offers performance improvement. Bonding is same as port trunking or teaming.

Bonding allows you to aggregate multiple ports into a single group, effectively combining the bandwidth into a single connection. Bonding also allows you to create multi-gigabit pipes to transport traffic through the highest traffic areas of your network. For example, you can aggregate three megabits ports into a three-megabits trunk port. That is equivalent with having one interface with three megabytes speed

Steps for bonding in Oracle Enterprise Linux and Redhat Enterprise Linux are as follows..

Step 1.

Create the file ifcfg-bond0 with the IP address, netmask and gateway. Shown below is my test bonding config file.

$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0

DEVICE=bond0

IPADDR=192.168.1.12

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

USERCTL=no

BOOTPROTO=none

ONBOOT=yes

Step 2.

Modify eth0, eth1 and eth2 configuration as shown below. Comment out, or remove the ip address, netmask, gateway and hardware address from each one of these files, since settings should only come from the ifcfg-bond0 file above. Make sure you add the MASTER and SLAVE configuration in these files.

$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=none

ONBOOT=yes

# Settings for Bond

MASTER=bond0

SLAVE=yes

$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1

DEVICE=eth1

BOOTPROTO=none

ONBOOT=yes

USERCTL=no

# Settings for bonding

MASTER=bond0

SLAVE=yes

$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2

DEVICE=eth2

BOOTPROTO=none

ONBOOT=yes

MASTER=bond0

SLAVE=yes

Step 3.

Set the parameters for bond0 bonding kernel module. Select the network bonding mode based on you need The modes are

• mode=0 (Balance Round Robin)
• mode=1 (Active backup)
• mode=2 (Balance XOR)
• mode=3 (Broadcast)
• mode=4 (802.3ad)
• mode=5 (Balance TLB)
• mode=6 (Balance ALB)

Add the following lines to /etc/modprobe.conf

# bonding commands

alias bond0 bonding

options bond0 mode=1 miimon=100

Step 4.

Load the bond driver module from the command prompt.

$ modprobe bonding

Step 5.

Restart the network, or restart the computer.

$ service network restart # Or restart computer

When the machine boots up check the proc settings.

$ cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.0.2 (March 23, 2006)

Bonding Mode: adaptive load balancing

Primary Slave: None

Currently Active Slave: eth2

MII Status: up

MII Polling Interval (ms): 100

Up Delay (ms): 0

Down Delay (ms): 0

Slave Interface: eth2

MII Status: up

Link Failure Count: 0

Permanent HW addr: 00:13:72:80: 62:f0

Look at ifconfig -a and check that your bond0 interface is active. You are done!. For more details on the different modes of bonding.

To verify whether the failover bonding works..

• Do an ifdown eth0 and check /proc/net/bonding/bond0 and check the “Current Active slave”.
• Do a continuous ping to the bond0 ipaddress from a different machine and do a ifdown the active interface. The ping should not break.

modes of bonding

These modes determine the way in which traffic sent out of the bonded interface is actually dispersed over the real interfaces. Modes 0, 1, and 2 are by far the most commonly used among them.

Mode 0 (balance-rr)

This mode transmits packets in a sequential order from the first available slave through the last. If two real interfaces are slaves in the bond and two packets arrive destined out of the bonded interface the first will be transmitted on the first slave and the second frame will be transmitted on the second slave. The third packet will be sent on the first and so on. This provides load balancing and fault tolerance.

Mode 1 (active-backup)

This mode places one of the interfaces into a backup state and will only make it active if the link is lost by the active interface. Only one slave in the bond is active at an instance of time. A different slave becomes active only when the active slave fails. This mode provides fault tolerance.

Mode 2 (balance-xor)

Transmits based on XOR formula. (Source MAC address is XOR'd with destination MAC address) modula slave count. This selects the same slave for each destination MAC address and provides load balancing and fault tolerance.

Mode 3 (broadcast)

This mode transmits everything on all slave interfaces. This mode is least used (only for specific purpose) and provides only fault tolerance.

Mode 4 (802.3ad)

This mode is known as Dynamic Link Aggregation mode. It creates aggregation groups that share the same speed and duplex settings. This mode requires a switch that supports IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link.

Mode 5 (balance-tlb)

This is called as Adaptive transmit load balancing. The outgoing traffic is distributed according to the current load and queue on each slave interface. Incoming traffic is received by the current slave.

Mode 6 (balance-alb)

This is Adaptive load balancing mode. This includes balance-tlb + receive load balancing (rlb) for IPV4 traffic. The receive load balancing is achieved by ARP negotiation. The bonding driver intercepts the ARP Replies sent by the server on their way out and overwrites the src hw address with the unique hw address of one of the slaves in the bond such that different clients use different hw addresses for the server.

LoadBalancing on Centos 6:

vi /etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf

#add below lines

alias bond0 bonding

options bond0 mode=3 miimon=100

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0

DEVICE=bond0

USERCTL=no

BOOTPROTO=none

IPADDR=192.168.5.250

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

NETWORK=192.168.5.0

GATEWAY=192.168.5.5

ONBOOT=yes

BONDING_OPTS="miimon=100 mode=3"

TYPE=unknown

IPV6INIT=no

NAME=bond0

PREFIX=24

DNS1=8.8.4.4

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes

UUID=ad33d8b0-1f7b-cab9-9447-ba07f855b143

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=none

ONBOOT=yes

MASTER=bond0

SLAVE=yes

USERCTL=no

TYPE=Ethernet

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes

IPV6INIT=no

NAME=eth0

UUID=6fde6027-915b-4bf3-930d-e613ed8bc9cc

HWADDR=00:C0:9F:30:3B:9B

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1

DEVICE=eth1

BOOTPROTO=none

ONBOOT=yes

MASTER=bond0

SLAVE=yes

USERCTL=no

TYPE=Ethernet

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes

IPV6INIT=no

NAME=eth1

UUID=f123a6f6-b543-4156-8a11-268039eb312a

HWADDR=00:18:F8:0E:AD:A0

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2

DEVICE=eth2

HWADDR=F8:D1:11:C2:9C:42

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=none

MASTER=bond0

SLAVE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes

IPV6INIT=no

NAME=eth2

UUID=fb864ba7-c7a6-47ed-b9af-1f41f3ab1567

ONBOOT=yes

CentOS 6 Channel Bonding

Channel bonding (also known as “Ethernet bonding”) is a computer networking arrangement in which two or more network interfaces on a host computer are combined for redundancy or increased throughput.

mode=0 (Balance-rr) – This mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance.

mode=1 (active-backup) – This mode provides fault tolerance.

mode=2 (balance-xor) – This mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance.

mode=3 (broadcast) – This mode provides fault tolerance.

mode=4 (802.3ad) – This mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance.

mode=5 (balance-tlb) – Prerequisite: Ethtool support in the base drivers for retrieving the speed of each slave.

mode=6 (balance-alb) – Prerequisite: Ethtool support in the base drivers for retrieving the speed of each slave.

Note: Always append extra configuration in case of a rollback.

Configuring Channel Bonding

# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

# vi ifcfg-bond0

We’ll be using mode=6 (balance-alb)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

DEVICE=bond0USERCTL=noBOOTPROTO=noneONBOOT=yes IPADDR=10.0.0.10NETMASK=255.255.0.0NETWORK=10.0.0.0BONDING_OPTS="miimon=100 mode=balance-alb" TYPE=UnknownIPV6INIT=no

# vi ifcfg-eth0

1 2 3 4 5 6

DEVICE=eth0BOOTPROTO=noneONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no

# vi ifcfg-eth1

1 2 3 4 5 6

DEVICE=eth1BOOTPROTO=noneONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no

# vi ifcfg-eth2

1 2 3 4 5 6

DEVICE=eth2BOOTPROTO=noneONBOOT=yes MASTER=bond0SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no

Due to the fact that /etc/modprobe.conf has been deprecated in CentOS 6, the process of bonding network interfaces has changed a bit.

Now instead of defining your bond in your /etc/modprobe.conf, you define it in /etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf

# vi /etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf

Append the following onto the end out your modprobe config file

1	alias bond0 bonding

# service network restart