Difference between CV and Resume

So how exactly is a resume different from a CV? While both serve the function of introducing a person, there are many differences.

Purpose
While a resume is used when applying for a job in any sector, a CV (Curriculum Vitae) is mostly needed when applying for any position in a research and academic field, including a research position or a teaching position.

Content
The difference between CV and resume is obviously related to content. While both will have the basic personal details of an individual like name, age, sex, address and educational qualifications, the rest of the things specified may vary. A resume will contain educational qualifications and job experience details along with personal goals and information about your skill set.

A CV on the other hand, being written for an academic position will include information about research work, research papers if any, details of workshops and conferences attended or conducted, awards and medals if any, along with a synopsis of doctoral thesis even. All this could be a part of a CV.

Length
Considering that the number of details included in a CV or a resume vary, the length in both cases is different. 
While a resume may be restricted to one or two pages at the most, 

a CV can be more than 2 pages and can extend up to ten pages and beyond. Making a resume is easier, compared to a CV, which is a review of your work, presented in excruciating details.